Introduction to All that Development and Language Practice Test

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• In which stage do infants learn primarily through senses and motor actions, such as looking, listening, touching, mouthing, and grasping?
• Which stage involves looking back on life and evaluating whether it has been meaningful?
• Infants can learn and remember that foot movements can move a mobile. This demonstrates which early memory mechanism?
• Which level of Kohlberg's moral development is described as morality based on internal principles and conscience?
• Which stage describes the focus on guiding the next generation through parenting, teaching, or mentoring and contributing to society?
• 0-18 months, pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, biting, chewing
• Theory of Mind enables people to understand that others have beliefs and intentions that may differ from one's own. Which term best fits this concept?
• Which statement best describes motor development milestones such as sitting, crawling, and walking?
• Which Freud psychosexual stage is associated with bowel and bladder elimination and coping with demands for control?
• Which system includes historical time and major life events that alter the contexts in which a person develops?
• Infants pay more attention to new objects than familiar ones, indicating learning. What is this phenomenon called?
• Which culture emphasizes group needs over individual desires?
• Which process describes altering a schema so that new information can be incorporated?
• Which reflex is elicited by a loud sound or a sudden drop, causing limbs to extend outward?
• Which Eriksonian stage is tied to the idea that early trust or mistrust can shape later life?
• Kohlberg's basis for his three stages is known as what?
• Which reflex causes an infant to turn its head toward a touch on the cheek and search with the mouth?
• The Mike May case demonstrates that some complex visual abilities must be learned during which window?
• Which study concluded that depth perception is inherent in infants who begin crawling?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between maturation and experience in depth perception according to the Visual Cliff findings?
• Which reflex is characterized by toes fanning when the sole is stroked?
• Which mineral is a key component of hemoglobin and helps transport oxygen in red blood cells?
• Which term is used to describe a person's stable emotional reactivity and intensity?
• Which stage is primarily associated with learning through direct manipulation of objects and sensory experiences?
• Which defense mechanism involves pushing anxiety-driven thoughts into the unconscious?
• A culture in which the individual is valued more highly than the group is best described as which orientation?
• Which term describes the belief that nonliving things are alive?
• Which system is defined as the most immediate social space where individuals interact and form relationships, such as family and school?
• Sexual drive
• Which study suggested that depth perception also develops with experience, as some early crawlers would cross the glass?
• In this stage, achieving a sense of industry leads to confidence, while persistent feelings of inferiority can undermine self-esteem.
• What is the process called when neurons are systematically pruned during early development?
• The event when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote is called what?
• A person channels anger into intense workouts.
• In this framework, what term denotes the broad area of study focusing on temperament across individuals?
• The regression example provided includes thumb-sucking on the first day of school. This is an example of which defense mechanism?
• Which orientation holds that moral choices satisfy personal needs and desires?
• What reflex is observed when an infant is held upright with feet touching a solid surface, appearing to take steps or dance?
• In the ecological systems theory, which system covers the interactions between two or more immediate settings, such as family and school, exemplified by parent-teacher conferences?
• Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?
• Which system accounts for changes over time, such as major life events or transitions?
• What is the term for the brain's capacity to change and reorganize in response to experience?
• Which term best describes the study of stable emotional reactivity and intensity as a trait?
• Which orientation emphasizes behaving to maintain the affection and approval of friends and relatives?
• Which reflex occurs when the head is turned to one side, causing the ipsilateral arm and leg to extend while the contralateral extremities flex?
• Which experiments show nourishment is not the sole factor in forming a bond with a caregiver?
• Which researcher stated that babies can learn and remember that foot movement moves the mobile?
• Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality and a need to be center of attention?
• Which term describes the process of modifying schemas to fit new information?
• Which experiments showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact and not nourishment?
• Which term refers to the understanding that people have their own beliefs, desires, and thoughts that influence behavior?
• Which of the following is considered an environmental factor in pregnancy?
• What is the name of the reflex where touch on the palm causes the hand to close into a fist?
• Which term describes the biological process of development that unfolds based on genetic instructions and proceeds in a fixed sequence?
• The Heinz Dilemma is famously used to illustrate which psychologist's theory of moral development?
• Which concept refers to the inability to imagine reversing a physical action?
• Which temperament tends to be slow to adapt to new situations?
• In Rosenzweig's study, enriched environments led to what difference in the cerebral cortex compared with impoverished conditions?
• The Rovee-Collier paradigm demonstrates what aspect of infant development?
• Which stage in Freudian theory comes after the Phallic Stage in the sequence?
• Which amendment is associated with interracial marriage in Alabama?
• An infant who derives comfort and confidence from a caregiver demonstrates which attachment type?
• Which bias causes young children to judge others' goodness or badness by appearance?
• Which orientation contends that rules are necessary for social order but can be changed if better alternatives exist?
• Direct environments such as home, school, and peers are part of which system?
• What term describes the cognitive ability to understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance?
• Which term best describes attributing one's own unwanted thoughts to others?
• A child believes the sun follows them as they walk. This is an example of which concept?
• Model that explains how a person's development is influenced by various interconnected environmental systems is known as what?
• Presented feminist critique of Kohlberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships. Who is this?
• Which study design is used to assess the impact of environmental enrichment on brain development in animals?
• Which system includes settings that influence a child indirectly, such as a parent's workplace policies or media pressure on a family?
• Which cognitive stage is characterized by the emergence of reversible thinking and a shift toward more organized thought, typically around ages 7-11?
• An observed 58% increase in fetal death rates is used as an example of which category of risk factors?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage covers ages 3-5 and asks 'Is there curiosity encouraged or scolded?'
• Mid-life assessment about productivity and leaving a legacy occurs in which stage?
• Which Freud stage is the last stage of personality development, from puberty onward, with sexual conflicts resurfacing?
• Which process involves taking new experiences into our existing schemas?
• Which temperament is typically described as difficult due to irregular patterns and high emotional intensity?
• Environmental Enrichment is best described as providing what?
• Educational policies and funding in a community illustrate which system?
• The people and objects in an individual's immediate environment are described by which term?
• Which parenting style is described as submitting to children's demands?
• Which concept states that objects continue to exist even when not in view, especially in infancy?
• Which stage is characterized by struggling to form intimate relationships if social connections are not established?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage describes toddlers learning to control their bodies and temper, with 'NO' as a big word?
• Which concept involves predicting others' behavior by understanding their mental states?
• What is the term for the developing human from about nine weeks after conception to birth, capable of hearing sounds and reacting to light?
• Which term best describes the mental structures that guide how we interpret experiences?
• During the first hours after birth, newborns show a significant preference for which type of stimulus?
• Which Freud stage is commonly labeled as the Latency Stage?
• What is the developing human organism called from about two weeks after fertilization through the end of the second month?
• Which stage is associated with a mid-life crisis and concerns about whether life has been worthwhile?
• Which temperament is described as irritable, intense, unpredictable?
• Iron deficiency anemia during late pregnancy occurs due to insufficient iron to build hemoglobin during which window?
• What is the primary effect observed in Rosenzweig's environmental enrichment study?
• Which personality disorder features clinging, fear of separation, and a need to be cared for?
• What is the prenatal development stage called from 9 weeks after conception to birth?
• Which defense mechanism shifts the unacceptable impulses toward a safer outlet?
• Which defense mechanism involves offering self-adjusting explanations (excuses) in place of real, more threatening reasons for your actions?
• Which psychosocial stage involves adolescents testing different roles to form a stable personal identity?
• Which term names the field that examines how temperament develops across individuals and populations?
• In Bronfenbrenner's theory, which system includes the parent's workplace, affecting development indirectly?
• Which term describes morality grounded in internal principles and justice, potentially violating social rules?
• Which psychosocial stage occurs from ages 6 to puberty, characterized by learning to be competent and handling school and peer evaluation?
• Influenza infection during which trimester is mentioned as potentially affecting fetal development and possibly influencing schizophrenia risk?
• The risk of developing an inferiority complex during childhood corresponds to which psychosocial stage?
• Which observational method assesses a child on four aspects including play behavior, departure reactions, mother's return, and behavior when a stranger is around?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an environmental factor in pregnancy in the material?
• Which method is used to study infant attachment by examining reactions to separation and to the mother's return and to a stranger?
• What term denotes a specific early-life window during which certain experiences are necessary for proper development?
• What term describes mental molds into which experiences are poured?
• Which term accounts for changes over time and life transitions in development?
• By early adolescents, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake. This describes which level?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage applies to ages 1-2 and asks 'Can they learn control or will they doubt themselves?'
• Re-channel their unacceptable impulses toward more acceptable or socially approved activities.
• In the stage where children are roughly 2 to 6-7 years old and cannot perform mental operations, what stage is described?
• Which concept refers to the life energy or sexual drive in psychoanalytic theory?
• Which statement best describes the startle-related Moro reflex?
• Which system encompasses the broad cultural values, laws, and societal norms that shape development?
• Famous for his theory of moral development in children; used moral dilemmas in assessment. Which figure is described?
• Which statement best describes one way infants demonstrate learning related to habituation?
• In Erikson's theory, which stage is associated with preschoolers who are eager to understand the world and ask questions, moving from 'No' to 'Why'?
• In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which stage occurs during infancy and asks 'Can a baby trust the world to fulfill its needs?'
• Which congenital defect involves failure of the spinal canal to close around the spinal cord and typically occurs in the first month?
• What apparatus is used to measure depth perception, consisting of a glass-covered table with a 'shallow' side and a 'deep' side?
• Which process involves adjusting a schema so that the new information fits?
• What term refers to the fertilized egg during the initial two weeks after fertilization?
• Which attachment style is described as showing inconsistent, contradictory behaviors when the caregiver returns, reflecting a lack of a clear strategy?
• Which mechanism describes creating plausible excuses to justify actions?
• Looking back on life and resolving regrets belongs to which stage?
• What term describes the tendency to focus on only one dimension of reality, such as the height of water?
• Which concept describes preschool children’ difficulty perceiving things from another person’s point of view?
• A caregiver who is reliably available and responsive is most likely to foster which attachment outcome in the child?
• Which term describes unconscious processes that protect the ego from threatening thoughts?
• Which statement best describes the Microsystem?
• Around age 12, reasoning expands from concrete thinking to abstract thinking and involves symbols and imagined realities. Which stage is this?
• Which term describes time-related changes in the person and environment, including life transitions?
• Which parenting style is defined by few demands and neglectful behavior toward children?
• What percentage did the Alabama Interracial Marriage Amendment pass by?
• Which system is illustrated by a parent's stressful job affecting the child's well-being?
• Which Freud stage has the pleasure focus on the genitals and coping with incestuous sexual feelings?
• Which Freud stage is described as the last stage of personality development, typically beginning at puberty?
• Which temperament is described as regular, adaptable, and happy?
• The Flint, Michigan water crisis is primarily associated with exposure to which contaminant?
• Which item is NOT listed as a defense mechanism in the material?
• By age 4 or 5, children use physical appearance to judge an agent's 'goodness' or 'badness,' extending this bias to social evaluations. What is this bias called?
• Which stage is described as the fourth psychosexual stage, focusing on the development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills?
• Which personality disorder is marked by intense fear of abandonment and unstable interpersonal relationships?
• Which defense mechanism involves redirecting feelings from their source to a safer target?
• High levels of cortisol during pregnancy can affect fetal brain development and potentially lead to what later outcome?
• Which term describes the stage characterized by learning through sensory and motor experiences?
• The observation that identical twins express similar temperaments provides evidence for which idea?
• Which vitamin is essential for preventing neural tube defects and is found in leafy green vegetables?
• Which orientation of moral development is defined by obeying rules to avoid punishment from those in authority?
• Which psychosocial stage centers on forming close, meaningful relationships and avoiding isolation in early adulthood?
• Which defense mechanism involves expressing the opposite of your true feelings, such as being cruel to someone you have a crush on?
• Which defense mechanism refers to retreating to childlike behaviors when faced with stress?
• The search for balanced commitments in love and friendships occurs during which stage?
• Which term refers to studies that explore heredity's influence on temperament, noting identical twins express similar temperaments?
• Which defense mechanism disguises your own threatening impulses by attributing them to others?
• Which parenting style is characterized as demanding but responsive to children?
• Channel feeling of inferiority into aggressive sports play is an example of this defense mechanism.
• Which concept describes the tendency of young children to be rigid in thought and centered on their immediate appearance?
• Which line of work is associated with the idea that bonding can arise from bodily contact rather than nourishment?
• Which defense mechanism entails converting unacceptable impulses into their opposite?
• Which parenting style is defined by imposing rules and expecting obedience?
• Newborns aged 14-151 hours significantly prefer looking at attractive faces over less attractive ones. Which term describes this finding?
• An infant who is inconsistent, clingy, and seeks a lot of reassurance demonstrates which attachment pattern?
• Which temperament is typically slow to adapt to new experiences and tends to withdraw?
• Which option is NOT a stage of prenatal development?
• Which sense is addressed by the Vision Critical Period Case Study?
• Iron deficiency during development can impact which brain region?
• Depth perception development is described as influenced by both innate capabilities and experiential factors. Which option best reflects this description?
• Approximately how many neurons remain at birth after pruning from 28 billion to 23 billion?
• Which stage is described as the fourth psychosexual stage in the source material?
• During adolescence, individuals may experience an identity crisis if they fail to establish who they are. Which stage is described?
• Which personality disorder includes lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion, with impulsivity and fear of abandonment?
• Which item best represents the environmental factors in pregnancy as described in the material?
• Which psychosocial stage comes after Industry vs. Inferiority, focusing on developing a stable identity?
• Which attachment style is typically associated with inconsistency in caregiver responsiveness, leading to clinginess and fear of abandonment?
• What term describes agents that can cross the placenta and harm a developing fetus?
• Environmental enrichment contrasts with impoverishment. Which statement best describes their impact on brain development?
• Before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward; this is which level?
• The final stage in Erikson's psychosocial development is called what?
• If you think your spouse wants to cheat but you actually want to cheat, this is an example of which defense mechanism?
• Around what age does formal operational thinking, including abstract reasoning, typically begin?
• An infant with inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return demonstrates which attachment style?
• Which Freud stage follows the Phallic Stage in Freudian theory?
• Which system would most directly be influenced by national beliefs about child-rearing and gender roles?
• A child who is unresponsive to the caregiver and does not use the caregiver as a secure base exhibits which attachment style?
• Morality that affirms people's agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles describes which level?
• Rather than yelling at a person, you take anger out on kicking your dog; this illustrates which defense mechanism?
• Which temperament describes a child who is inactive and moody, with mild passive resistance to new routines and experiences?
• In the concrete operational stage, which ability is commonly observed in children around age 6-7?